web架构 之 MySQL负载均衡 主从复制 读写分离

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MySQL负载均衡架构图如下:

一、分别在192.168.150.130和192.168.150.131上安装mysql
二、配置master(192.168.150.130)
1、编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加如下(如etc没my.cnf,cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf)
log-bin=mysql-bin     #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1                #master的标识,说明是主数据库
binlog-do-db = mark #用于主从同步数据库
2、赋予权限给slave服务器的slave数据库
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO root@192.168.150.131 IDENTIFIED BY '111111';
3、重启mysql,使得配置生效
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql&   或
/usr/local/mysql/bin/safe_mysqld
4、查看master状态
mysql>show master status;
File                              Position    Binlog_Do_DB     Binlog_Ignore_DB
mysql-bin.000003           98              mark
三、配置slave(192.168.150.131)
1、编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:(如etc没my.cnf,cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf)
server-id=2 #slave的标识
2、连接主数据库(master),并启动
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.150.130',
-> MASTER_USER='root',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=98;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G   # 查看slave状态
其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,
MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,
MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息
3、如果出现类似字样,如
the server is not configured as slave。。。。
解决方案:
mysql> set global server_id = 2;
4、验证master-slave搭建生效
4.1、通过查看slave机的log(/var/log/mysqld.log 或 /usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err):
100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'root@192.168.150.130:3306',  replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 98
如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功,如果有问题也可通过此log找原因
4.2、在master
mysql>create database mark;
use mark;
create table emp(id int,name varchar(100));
4.3、在slave
mysql>create database mark;
use mark;
create table emp(id int,name varchar(100));
4.4、在master
insert into emp values(1,'mark1');
insert into emp values(2,'mark2');
select * from emp;
4.5、查看slave数据库
select * from emp;
与master数据一致表示同步成功!!
四、安装配置amoeba,实现负载均衡
1、amoeba是基于java运行的,所以要先装jdk
# chmod +x jdk-1_5_0_16-linux-i586-rpm.bin
# ./ jdk-1_5_0_16-linux-i586-rpm.bin
#  vi /etc/profile          //在文件里面添加jdk的环境变量,添加内容如下

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_16
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH
export CLASSPATH

# source  /etc/profile
2、安装amoeba,并配置(注意:我的amoeba装在192.168.150.130,因为内存不够,开不起三个虚拟机 T_T,所以amoeba和master数据库装在同一服务器上)
2.1、安装
tar -zxvf amoeba-mysql-1.2.1-GA.tar.gz
cp -vRp /root/amoeba-mysql-1.2.1-GA /usr/local/amoeba
2.2、配置
vi /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml
如下:

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<?
xml
 
version
=
"1.0"
 
encoding
=
"gbk"
?>

  
1.
  
1.
  
1.

<!DOCTYPE amoeba:configuration SYSTEM "amoeba.dtd"
>

  
1.
<
amoeba:configuration
 
xmlns:amoeba

"http://amoeba.meidusa.com/"

  
1.
  
1.
  
1.
<
server

  
1.

<!– proxy server绑定的端口 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"port"

8006
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– proxy server绑定的IP –>

  
1.

<!– 
1.
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.150.130</property> 
1.
–>

  
1.

<!– proxy server net IO Read thread size –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"readThreadPoolSize"

20
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– proxy server client process thread size –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"clientSideThreadPoolSize"

30
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– mysql server data packet process thread size –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"serverSideThreadPoolSize"

30
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K)  –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"netBufferSize"

128
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"tcpNoDelay"

true
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 对外验证的用户名 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"user"

root
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 对外验证的密码 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"password"

root
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– query timeout( default: 60 second , TimeUnit:second) –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"queryTimeout"

60
</
property

  
1.
</
server

  
1.
  
1.

<!–   
1.
每个ConnectionManager都将作为一个线程启动。  
1.
manager负责Connection IO读写/死亡检测  
1.

>
  
1.
<
connectionManagerList
>
  
1.
<
connectionManager
 
name
=
"defaultManager"
 
class
=
"com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper"
>
  
1.
<
property
 
name
=
"subManagerClassName"
>
com.meidusa.amoeba.net.AuthingableConnectionManager
</
property
>
  
1.
  
1.
<!–   
1.
 default value is avaliable Processors   
1.
<
property
 
name
=
"processors"
>
5
</
property
>
  
1.

>
  
1.
</
connectionManager
>
  
1.
</
connectionManagerList
>
  
1.
  
1.
<
dbServerList
>
  
1.
<!–   
1.
一台mysqlServer 需要配置一个pool,  
1.
如果多台 平等的mysql需要进行loadBalance,   
1.
平台已经提供一个具有负载均衡能力的objectPool:com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MultipleServerPool  
1.
简单的配置是属性加上 
virtual
=
"true"
,该Pool 不允许配置factoryConfig  
1.
或者自己写一个ObjectPool。  
1.

>
  
1.
<
dbServer
 
name
=
"server1"
>
  
1.
  
1.
<!– PoolableObjectFactory实现类 –>

  
1.
<
factoryConfig
 
class

"com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"manager"

defaultManager
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 真实mysql数据库端口 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"port"

3306
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 真实mysql数据库IP –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"ipAddress"

192.168.150.130
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"schema"

mark
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 用于登陆mysql的用户名 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"user"

master
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 用于登陆mysql的密码 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"password"

master
</
property

  
1.
  
1.
</
factoryConfig

  
1.
  
1.

<!– ObjectPool实现类 –>

  
1.
<
poolConfig
 
class

"com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"maxActive"

200
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"maxIdle"

200
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"minIdle"

10
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"minEvictableIdleTimeMillis"

600000
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis"

600000
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"testOnBorrow"

true
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"testWhileIdle"

true
</
property

  
1.
</
poolConfig

  
1.
</
dbServer

  
1.
<
dbServer
 
name

"server2"

  
1.
  
1.

<!– PoolableObjectFactory实现类 –>

  
1.
<
factoryConfig
 
class

"com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"manager"

defaultManager
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 真实mysql数据库端口 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"port"

3306
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 真实mysql数据库IP –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"ipAddress"

192.168.150.131
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"schema"

mark
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 用于登陆mysql的用户名 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"user"

slave
</
property

  
1.
  
1.

<!– 用于登陆mysql的密码 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"password"

slave
</
property

  
1.
  
1.
  
1.
</
factoryConfig

  
1.
  
1.

<!– ObjectPool实现类 –>

  
1.
<
poolConfig
 
class

"com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"maxActive"

200
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"maxIdle"

200
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"minIdle"

10
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"minEvictableIdleTimeMillis"

600000
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis"

600000
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"testOnBorrow"

true
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"testWhileIdle"

true
</
property

  
1.
</
poolConfig

  
1.
</
dbServer

  
1.
  
1.
<
dbServer
 
name

"multiPool"
 
virtual

"true"

  
1.
<
poolConfig
 
class

"com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool"

    
1.
  
1.

<!– 负载均衡参数 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA–>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"loadbalance"

1
</
property

     
1.
  
1.

<!– 参与该pool负载均衡的poolName列表以逗号分割 –>

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"poolNames"

server2
</
property

  
1.
</
poolConfig

  
1.
</
dbServer

  
1.
</
dbServerList

  
1.
  
1.
<
queryRouter
 
class

"com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter"

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"ruleConfig"

${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"functionConfig"

${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"ruleFunctionConfig"

${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"LRUMapSize"

1500
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"defaultPool"

server1
</
property

  
1.
  
1.
<
property
 
name

"writePool"

server1
</
property

  
1.
<
property
 
name

"readPool"

mutilPool
</
property

  
1.
  
1.
<
property
 
name

"needParse"

true
</
property

  
1.
</
queryRouter

  
1.
</
amoeba:configuration

  

2.3、赋予权限

主数据库,赋予权限

mysql>  grant all privileges on *.* to master@'192.168.150.130' identified by 'master';

从数据库,赋予权限

mysql>  grant all privileges on *.* to slave@'192.168.150.130' identified by 'slave';

2.4、重启amoeba

/usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba stop

/usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start

2.5、测试

2.5.1、编辑amoeba_insert.php

<?php

$con = mysql_connect("192.168.150.130:8006","root","root");

if (!$con)

  {

  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());

  }

mysql_select_db("mark", $con);

$r = mysql_query("INSERT INTO emp VALUES (999,'mark999')");

if($r>0){

echo "插入了";

}

mysql_close($con);

2.5.2、编辑amoeba_select.php

<?php

$con = mysql_connect("192.168.150.130:8006","root","root");

if (!$con)

  {

  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());

  }

mysql_select_db("mark", $con);

$result = mysql_query("select \* from emp;");

while($row  = mysql_fetch_array($result)){

echo $row['id']."–".$row['name'];

echo '<br />';

}

mysql_close($con);

2.5.3、访问amoeba_insert.php和amoeba_select.php来测试

2.6、可能遇到的问题!!!!!!!

1、执行amoeba的命令,不够权限的话

方案1、chmod -R +x /usr/local/amoeba/bin/

2、遇到连接错误,如

ERROR 1130: Host '192.168.1.3' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL  

Lost connection to MySQL server during query

方案1、赋予权限给新的用户

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \*.\* TO myuser@192.168.1.3 IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' 

方案2、防火墙问题

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables ,添加如下

-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT(允许80端口通过防火墙) 

-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 3306 -j ACCEPT(允许3306端口通过防火墙)

重启网络 service network restart

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